Abstract: Chronic bronchopulmonary disease, development of which is caused by chronic infections, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. The most common causative pathogens in chronic infections are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to establish one’s microbiological status, it is necessary to perform systematic microbiological testing in every patient. This allows for the early detection of infection with pathogens requiring eradication (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and its immediate implementation. In the case of an exacerbation of bronchopulmonary disease, it is always necessary to start antibiotics according to a given antibiogram. Potential modification of treatment can occur after obtaining a current bacterial culture result and assessment of the patient’s clinical state. Usually, antibiotic doses are higher than in the general population and treatment duration is longer. Infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria is a rare but serious complication of cystic fibrosis and requires long-term antibiotic therapy. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are an increasingly common problem in patients with cystic fibrosis and require specialized monitored treatment. Management of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis differs significantly from that in the general population. A paediatrician or general practitioner supervising a patient with cystic fibrosis must know the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment in respiratory tract infections, because their proper introduction into daily medical practice significantly affects the length and quality of the patient’s life.

Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus, cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory tract infections